Vena Protocol - an open protocol for asset financing and tokenization Vena Network aims to create a decentralized digital asset financing and exchange network through Vena Protocol. The Vena Protocol is divided into two layers: 1) Basic protocol layer, which mainly includes registration, configuration, routing, and management of upper layer financial businesses. 2) The asset protocol layer, based on assets, completes user-defined financial businesses through the implementation of the terms contract interfaces. For example, terms of pledge and repayment can be written into terms contract to make collateral loan; inheriting of ERC721 standard realizes value-added pledge for asset portfolio; establishing individual credit contract model and injecting on-chain and off-chain data to achieve open and transparent credit. In Vena Ecosystem, a closed-loop circulation from tokenized asset issuance to P2P lending or transactions is realized through blockchain. That is, after the digital assets issuance, directly P2P transactions through the Vena Protocol is available, or after digital assets are pledged, right of pledge is transferable and circulation of collaterals (only supporting Stable Coins) is available. All operations are controlled by smart contract codes and are free from human intervention to guard against fraud. Users joining Vena Network can benefit from the development of the cryptocurrency market, realize asset financing and exchange in a cost-effective, safe and efficient manner, while also can mitigate the risks associated with factors such as cryptocurrency price fluctuations and dishonest financial intermediaries. Vena nodes are the key elements of Vena Network. Vena Protocol pre-sets two roles, appraiser and relayer. A Vena node can consist of either a single role or a combination of two roles, or can contain all kinds of service providers derived from market competition. In the pre-set roles, appraiser is a trustworthy order producer and appraiser of the default risk of the debtor in the business scenario of debt issuance, and relayer accelerates the process of all debt financing orders in Vena Network without need of trustworthy third parties. They can all be authentically appraised based on historical asset performance. Therefore, the market has a clear signal to appraise credit indicators involving any specific appraiser or relayer, and credit indicators include user's debt default risk index, transaction dispute rate and etc. Vena Protocol uses a mixed technology that we call "off-chain relay, on-chain settlement" to achieve a balance between efficiency and security in debt issuance and asset exchange. In this way, both the debt financing orders and trading orders with the encrypted signature are sent through the off-chain channel, and the potential counterparty can inject one or more orders into the corresponding smart contract, and then the contract is automatically completed following the established logic of the contract. Vena Protocol significantly reduces the friction costs of arbitrage dealers because transaction intentions can be sent off-chain, and the on-chain settlements only occur when the value is transferred. We expand Vena Network by opening up applications for Vena nodes, providing template contract trading market services, and designing the Vena Protocol which is uncoupled from applications.
