See How Many Clients You're Missing Each Month

Simply enter your business email & Topline AI Agent will show you.

Bio

Generated by
Topline AI
Carl Kneipp is a seasoned IT professional with extensive experience in software development, network design, and systems integration. He holds a Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, and has worked with various companies, including Science, Engineering & Technology Consulting, Australian Bureau of Statistics, and UTS FEIT. Carl has also developed skills in data analytics, informatics, and scripting languages like Python, R, and SQL.

Experience

    • Self Employed
      • Jan 1980 - Present
      • Sydney, Australia
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics
    • Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
    • Census Field Manager
      • May 2021 - Jul 2021
      • Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

      Collected information for the national 2021 Census, participating as a civic duty to my community.

  • Australian Bureau of Statistics
    • Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
    • Census Field Officer
      • Nov 2016 - Feb 2017
      • Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

      Collected information for the national 2016 Census, participating as a civic duty to my community.

  • UTS FEIT
    • Broadway, Sydney
    • Mechatronics Embedded Systems Tutor
      • Aug 2014 - Nov 2015
      • Broadway, Sydney

      Support students undertaking course work using the in-house developed DSX Embedded Systems Development Kit including PIC & CPLD devices, Sensors and Stepper Motors

    • Advanced Maths Tutor
      • 2013 - 2013
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics
    • Kings Cross, Sydney NSW Australia
    • Census Field Officer
      • Jul 2011 - Aug 2011
      • Kings Cross, Sydney NSW Australia

      Collected information for the national 2011 Census, participating as a civic duty to my community.

    • Courseware Designer & Educator
      • 2007 - 2010
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed individualised computer operations training for a wide variety of life challenged clients requiring access to technological facilities

  • City of Sydney
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Courseware Designer & Educator
      • 2004 - 2006
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed individualised computer operations training for a wide variety of life challenged clients requiring access to technological facilities

  • ACON
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Courseware Designer & Educator
      • 2001 - 2003
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed individualised computer operations training for a wide variety of life challenged clients requiring access to technological facilities

    • Network Systems Designer
      • 2000 - 2000
      • London, UK

      Developed JAVA server backbone to address high volume web-based JavaScript terminal initiated data base transaction and pricing enquiries

  • HSBC Securities
    • New York, USA
    • Consultant Systems Architect
      • 1999 - 2000
      • New York, USA

      Implemented a Lotus Notes international infrastructure for HSBC including standard forms production and testing with particular attention to Y2K issues

  • EDS Group
    • New York, USA
    • Software Group Leader
      • 1998 - 1999
      • New York, USA

      Managed 5 teams of developers maintaining and extending over 400 individual systems within the Republic National Bank covering all logistic and processing operations of the bank managing a transaction stream of US$30B per week, implementing a number of test harnesses, methodologies and standardis...

  • Fort Forwarding
    • New York, USA
    • Systems Administrator
      • 1998 - 1998
      • New York, USA

      Administered a PC based server backbone supporting the data processing of 30 input clerks to facilitate the tracking of sea freight for 3M through the port of Newark NJ

  • Memorex Telex
    • Sydney & Melbourne, Australia
    • Network Audit Designer & Project Leader
      • 1997 - 1998
      • Sydney & Melbourne, Australia

      Developed a team of 15 network auditors Australia wide to address the audit contract offered by Telstra who were contracted by Qantas to design and implement the OneWorld ATM network driven by the acquisition of Qantas shares by BA and the client's transition to the global ATM network backbon...

  • Lend Lease Design Group
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Network Consultant
      • 1997 - 1997
      • Sydney, Australia

      Facilitated the interoperation of file servers onto a single RAID server. Addressed issues of data transfer, backup, network & server performance, and workstation/user security. Established a Help Desk to track and respond to user issues in an environment running Novell 4.11, WinNT4.0 (Workst...

  • Sydney Hospital
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Information Systems Team Leader
      • 1997 - 1997
      • Sydney, Australia

      Audited the user requirements and the existing information system at a special purpose research clinic within the hospital. Established an assets register and an issues tracking database. Defined the new hardware, software and roll-out strategy for the implementation of an NT platform based clien...

  • SAI
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Systems Designer
      • 1997 - 1997
      • Sydney, Australia

      Implemented a cluster of SCO Pentium servers in an industrial environment to support a Sybase database with Delphi based enquiry to operate the M2 motorway toll gate systems. Server remote diagnosis via SLIP lines was implemented, and the SCO kernels rebuilt and tuned using SCO UNIX, C, Visual Basic

    • Systems Designer
      • 1996 - 1996
      • Sydney, Australia

      Designed a general purpose message hub under Windows NT (Pentium) using MS Developer Studio and Visual C++ using the Win32 and MFC libraries to facilitate the connection of messages from Serial, Berkeley Streamed Sockets, Named Pipes and Oracle Database Pipes (via Pro*C). Performance statements w...

  • Franklins
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Systems Designer
      • 1996 - 1996
      • Sydney, Australia

      Designed and implemented a software development methodology to assist the IT department to consolidate the quality assured release of systems into the production environment in order to satisfy an external quality audit. The methodology was implemented by building a development server with an NCR...

    • Systems Designer
      • 1996 - 1996
      • Sydney, Australia

      Multi-media analysis including use of Web and CD publication media to assist marketing and service provision by client company. Developed data repositories built around SGML were specified and developed using SCO UNIX with C++ and proprietary authoring package

  • Sydney Water
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Software Engineer
      • 1995 - 1996
      • Sydney, Australia

      IICATS SCADA water reticulation asset management and control project using SCO UNIX (X-windows), Logica's Sequence-88 & OpenMC2000 Terminal Control system with Autosketch Picture rendering servicing 450 telemetry sites over an X25 network

  • Computervision & Qantas
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Technical Analyst
      • 1995 - 1995
      • Sydney, Australia

      Established internal development group infrastructure, including product analysis, rebuilding, administration, and upgrade of Solaris 2.4/2.5 development servers coupled to a DG Clarion RAID disk sub-system. Developed internal specifications for systems management and error response methodologies...

  • CBA
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Network Team Leader
      • 1995 - 1995
      • Sydney, Australia

      Design, integration and roll-out planning for MS-Exchange client/server based messaging & mobile banking system based on Windows NT for a 32,000 user base across 1800 sites. Workstation application integration using Visual C++ with OLE and MFC

  • Optus & Unisys & Digital
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Communications Architect
      • 1995 - 1995
      • Sydney, Australia

      High security firewalling of the network operations WAN and switch control backbone and its explicit isolation from Optus's Internet and Corporate networks and billing system. Evaluation of firewall products and strategies to best encapsulate the core system amidst a constantly changing corpo...

    • Communications Designer
      • 1994 - 1995
      • Sydney, Australia

      Integration of Data & Voice between multiple branches using ISDN and a variety of proprietary systems (Unix & VS), the evolution of Interoperability strategies, IP addressing and connectivity standards, operations procedures, and integration of front end processing facilities to ease hard...

  • Optus
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Network Designer
      • 1994 - 1994
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed a high traffic e-mail system around Sun Solaris 2.0 server based FDDI Backbone with local servers running DOS and OS/2, supporting X400 and AOCE based messaging using WordPerfect Office

  • Local Vertical
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Systems Designer
      • 1994 - 1994
      • Sydney, Australia

      Designed PC compatible proprietary real-time Industrial Control Board programming in C & 86xx assembler

  • CIC Insurance
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Network Integration Consultant
      • 1994 - 1994
      • Sydney, Australia

      Integration of RF Telemetry into the internal Novell/WordPerfect Office system using the remote facilities of the package and Bell South’s Mobitel Data Packet Network. Analysis of the Hayes modem set was undertaken to determine the persistence of long message packet delivery failure, resulting in...

  • AT&T
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Training Course Author
      • 1994 - 1994
      • Sydney, Australia

      Specified and wrote an X400 - Information Super-highway training course to bring internal Sales and Technical Support Staff to speed with AT&T's new EasyLink product and marketing direction.

  • WordPerfect Pacific
    • Sydney & Melbourne, Australia
    • Network Project Leader
      • 1993 - 1994
      • Sydney & Melbourne, Australia

      Lead the AUSDOC project integrating DecServer 5000 running Ultrix, Pathworks, Slip and Mailbus 400 (x400-92) with PC486s running DOS with Windows, OS/2, and using C++, UUCP, WordPerfect Office 4.0a and similar messaging software (MS-Mail, ccMail) as a commercially available onsold system applicat...

  • AOTC
    • Wollongong, Australia
    • Telecommunications Researcher & Author
      • 1993 - 1993
      • Wollongong, Australia

      Developed standards for networked SUN sparc stations running SunOS and operating in a real-time environment using C++ to implement X25 style level 3 network control libraries

  • AGSOFT
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Systems Designer/Programmer
      • 1993 - 1993
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed agricultural irrigation control system using embedded code targeted at 6805 processor programmed in Borland C on a PC

  • TAFE (DEVETIR)
    • Brisbane, Australia
    • Network Consultant, Project Leader
      • 1992 - 1992
      • Brisbane, Australia

      Supervised the interfacing and rollout of 240 terminals to TAFE colleges around Queensland to support Pyramid 4/3 & 12/4T running OSx5.1a (UNIX) with TCP/IP connecting to GOSIP (OSI) standard ISDN/DDS/NetPlex based WAN and SNA Gateway connecting to an IBM 3090 running CICS/TSO. X-Terminals, S...

  • WD & HO Wills
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Information Systems Consultant
      • 1984 - 1991
      • Sydney, Australia

      In order to facilitate automated data acquisition interoperability of quality assurance testing across 94 individual tests per product batch with the corporate head office system of 9 DECNet clustered VAX780/3600/8600 running VMS and C, FORTRAN, BASIC, Datatrieve, DECNet, Starfire, and other dist...

  • JN Almgren
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Analyst Programmer
      • 1990 - 1990
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed a data enquiry application on PCs running UNIX and TCP/IP connected Ethernet using C language and UNIFY database. Conformity to OSI networking was required to communicate with multi-vendor platforms

  • Vicene Engineering
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Analyst Programmer
      • 1989 - 1989
      • Sydney, Australia

      Designed an NC machine control network, using proprietary terminal hardware and software, and PC based central code development and distribution programmes in Borland C

  • AGL
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Analyst Programmer
      • 1989 - 1989
      • Sydney, Australia

      Prototyped 3270 PC based interface to an SNA network with download facilities for increased data verification speed on the network. Programmed in C

  • ADFA
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Supervising Engineer
      • 1988 - 1989
      • Sydney, Australia

      Supervised Cadet Officers in Training in professional electronics projects

  • Sunshade Sunglasses
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Analyst Programmer
      • 1988 - 1988
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed a custom small business stock control system on a PC based MS-DOS platform programmed in Borland C

  • Robin Gibson Gallery
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Systems Auditor
      • 1988 - 1988
      • Sydney, Australia

      Audited a supplied Unisys UNIX database system to determine the performance of the vendor of the system in satisfying the contracted user requirements. This audit was then used to improve the quality of service offered to the client

  • Processed Forest Products
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Systems Analyst
      • 1988 - 1988
      • Sydney, Australia

      Audited the soft wood manufacturer to make recommendations on the introduction of technology in the areas of stock control and accounting, as well as introducing bar coding and scanning to identify mill feed stock (logs) during the inward delivery and processing operations

  • Photogenius
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Electronics Designer
      • 1988 - 1988
      • Sydney, Australia

      Designed a low range FM transceiver system as a mass produced retail sales gimmick. Based on National Semiconductor VLSI FM receiver chip-sets using surface mount and flexible printed circuit technology

  • DMR
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Systems Administrator
      • 1988 - 1988
      • Sydney, Australia

      The Department of Main Roads was cataloguing textual matters of evidence associated with a multi million dollar contractual litigation and a data warehousing application was required to access and correlate the information, programmed in Turbo PASCAL on a DOS PC using a proprietary search engine

    • Network Installer
      • 1988 - 1988
      • Sydney, Australia

      A Wang Twin-ax LAN was installed through six floors of a newly built medium-rise building covering approximately 12 terminals per floor

  • Collins Olympic
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Systems Designer
      • 1988 - 1988
      • Sydney, Australia

      Specified a hand held stock taking system to interface with the company’s existing IBM system. A PC with appropriate LAN interfaces and serial interface was used as a front end inbound communications store & forward gateway to the main stock control system

  • Thiess Toyota
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Analyst Programmer
      • 1987 - 1987
      • Sydney, Australia

      Implemented a PC to SNA 3270 terminal emulation in C, including the download of data entry verification tables for local processing against input prior to information transmission to facilitate system wait time reduction

  • Fox Public Relations
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Analyst Programmer
      • 1987 - 1987
      • Sydney, Australia

      A custom financial reporting system was implemented using the QUERY utility running on IBM System 34 & 36 systems. Reports addressed Payroll, General Ledger and Financial Analysis

  • Capital Public Relations
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Analyst Programmer
      • 1987 - 1987
      • Sydney, Australia

      Implemented an in-house 802.3 ethernet LAN supporting a shared form driven word processing environment built around MS-Word running on a network of PCs. Business applications were setup using C, Basic and MS-Word macros

  • Telecom MobileNet
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Communications Consultant
      • 1986 - 1987
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed data transmission over the 007 point-point analogue mobile telephone system. A Whitesmith C language based multi-platform communications testing suite was developed

  • Canon Australia
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Systems Designer
      • 1986 - 1986
      • Sydney, Australia

      The redesign of a standard fax machine was investigated to incorporate a US-DOD certified encryption chip from Western Digital to facilitate local retro-fitting to conform to Federal Government purchase contract specifications

  • AAP Reuters
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Communications Consultant, Project Leader
      • 1985 - 1986
      • Sydney, Australia

      Modelled system requirements against transmission system performance resulting in optimal design of user terminal devices receiving information through satellite telemetry controlled through land-line based user feedback aimed at specific response time performance criteria. The system platform wa...

  • Sulzer Australia
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Systems Designer
      • 1985 - 1985
      • Sydney, Australia

      Proprietary environment monitoring devices were networked to a central control system (PDP11 running RSX11 programmed in Macro11 assembler and C) which was used to control air conditioning environmental control devices on a proprietary network

  • Medicheck
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Systems Designer
      • 1984 - 1985
      • Sydney, Australia

      Connection of custom terminals to standard RS232 serial ports to upgrade the facility to a UNIX based database server from a proprietary Data General computer platform. Staff requirements elicitation undertaken, working with the Head Physician, Nursing (& Operations) staff, and Research Stat...

  • Disan Holdings
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Systems Designer & Programmer
      • 1984 - 1984
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed a custom 007 point to point mobile phone system based conduit to relay RS232 interfaced digital information from a mobile PC laptop to a database server on the AUSPAC serial dial up network, the first of its kind in Australia

  • Apple Computer
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Systems Designer
      • 1984 - 1984
      • Sydney, Australia

      Traffic tested the Appletalk LAN to determine saturation of the network for various numbers of machines transmitting long and short packets. Original Equipment Manufacture and hardware design work was undertaken with certain Apple peripheral equipment such as keyboards

  • Sigma Data
    • Sydney & Melbourne, Australia
    • Project Leader, Unix Systems
      • 1983 - 1984
      • Sydney & Melbourne, Australia

      Convergent Technologies Megaframe running multi-processors operating UNIX and TCP/IP over X25 with C, COBOL, FORTRAN, and various Database applications. Managed a team of 12 people including programmers, installers and trainers, and performed technical liaison with the hardware support and sales...

  • BJE Computer Services
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Systems Analyst
      • 1983 - 1983
      • Sydney, Australia

      Quality audited an HP3000 MPE based application written in Basic, referring to an IMAGE database. Employed structured functional analysis to rapidly model the application being audited so that the application could be easily decomposed and its modular interfaces examined

  • Grain Handling Authority
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Project Leader
      • 1983 - 1983
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed a remote Weigh Bridge data acquisition systems to a central polling computer using a polled dialup acquisition process. Modem handling serial card drivers were written to facilitate various fall back and exception conditions to address modem lockup situations. C and Macro 11 assembler l...

  • Avery Australia
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Manufacturing Consultant, Analyst Programmer
      • 1982 - 1983
      • Sydney, Australia

      Addressed failure issues with custom road train weighing devices based on LSI 11/02, LSI 11/03 running RT 11 and DECnet (DDCMP drivers written using ISO/OSI model conformant DECNet handlers) using C and MACRO 11. Developed stress testing environments for electronic devices manufactured for the in...

  • Abacus Business Systems
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Systems Designer & Project Leader
      • 1982 - 1983
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed a custom stock-taking system based on the TELXON hand held dial-up terminal targeting an LSI 11/02 running RT11 and leading an implementation team of 6 to develop the system on a PDP11/44 running RSTS/E and an LSI 11/23 running RT11 using FORTRAN 77 and MACRO 11 assembler. Custom driver...

  • Olivetti
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Analyst Programmer
      • 1982 - 1982
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed an IBM 370 terminal emulator programmed in assembler running on NCR ATM banking terminals running 3270 custom written terminal emulation communicating using IBM's SNA protocols over dedicated fixed lines, including the terminal control program for integration of Automatic Teller Ma...

  • AWA
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Analyst Programmer
      • 1981 - 1982
      • Sydney, Australia

      Member of a 20 strong development team on the BIG-TOTE Horse Racing Totalizator proprietary hardware/software system implemented on a pair of mobile Perkin Elmer 3220 processors contained in separate trailers to facilitate their transportation between race meetings, running OS 32 and MT 32 using ...

  • STC
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Test Harness Project Leader
      • 1981 - 1981
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed system test harness for DISCON (Australian Army Field Communications System) using PDP11/34 running RSX with UCSD PASCAL and Assembler in a multi-vendor platform environment targeting an Intel 8080 MDS based Teletype 11/02 Emulator running RSX and the UCSD System IV P-code interpreter...

  • Butterworths
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Analyst Programmer
      • 1981 - 1981
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed a report generator in Basic II+ for a PDP11 RSTS/E based stock control system facilitating the generation of reports by completing a simplified graphical screen based form rather than using a more complex and challenging database enquiry language. The form interface was coded in a struc...

  • Adler Business Systems
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Analyst Programmer
      • 1981 - 1981
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed a commercial Business Software suite (Debtors, Creditors, Stock Control & General Ledger) on an Alphatronic II 8085 processor running CP/M based computer system written in Extended Basic, CP/M Pascal and 8085 assembler. The system was 8" diskette based and targeted to a small b...

    • Systems Analyst
      • 1980 - 1980
      • Sydney, Australia

      Evaluated a custom accounting firm’s (Moran MacPherson) system implementation written in C on a PDP11 running RSX being purchased by the client for commercialisation. The evaluation involved interviewing the major players in the client company organisation and determining whether the package conf...

  • James Fabrics
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Analyst Programmer
      • 1980 - 1980
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developed a custom Z80 CP/M based Business System including Inventory, Debtors, Creditors, General Ledger written in PASCAL

  • Datronics
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Project Leader, Analyst Programmer
      • 1978 - 1980
      • Sydney, Australia

      Developing mainframe applications on a Qantel 1400 running BEST Operating system with BASIC and QIC PLAN. Revised inventory package to facilitate just-on-time-ordering resulting in a reduction of maintenance stores holdings from $18M to $4M saving the client $12M/annum.

  • Sydney Futures Exchange
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Numerical Analyst
      • 1979 - 1979
      • Sydney, Australia

      Modelled the share index based on fundamental linear parameters to assist in the establishment of market parameters for the exchange to contribute to a Futures Shares Pricing model

  • University of Queensland
    • Brisbane, Australia
    • Electrical Engineering Research Asssistant
      • 1978 - 1978
      • Brisbane, Australia

      Programming of a Photo-voltaic Collector (Solar Cell) Model to determine the effect on collection panel efficiencies of changes in manufacturing and environmental parameters. Programming was performed on a PDP11 running RSX and programmed in FORTRAN

  • University of Queensland
    • Brisbane, Australia
    • Chemical Engineering Research Assistant
      • 1977 - 1977
      • Brisbane, Australia

      Operations & applications support on PDP8, PDP10 & PDP11 computers servicing a number of academic computer users. Automation of a prototype Petro Chemical Distillation Plant. Models were constructed in PDP8 Macro8 assembler language for an OS8 operating system loaded from punched paper tape

  • University of Queensland
    • Brisbane, Australia
    • Biological Sciences Research Assistant
      • 1976 - 1976
      • Brisbane, Australia

      Programming of a Rain-forest water transpiration model on a PDP11 running RSX and programmed in FORTRAN used by to assist silviculture planning activities

    • Electronics Technician
      • 1976 - 1976
      • Brisbane, Australia

      Interfaced a backup power supply to an analytical computer system to ensure the continuous integrity of sampled data. AMP12 (PDP8 emulator) system was programmed in MACRO8 for OS8 using Analogue/Digital/Analogue capture and display techniques built into a standing printer console

  • National Cash Register
    • Brisbane, Australia
    • Analyst Programmer
      • 1973 - 1975
      • Brisbane, Australia

      Custom commercial applications programming on NCR399 & Century 100 systems running the IMAGE operating system, programming in NEAT3 and NEAT AM covered pre&post sales support for business applications including Payroll, General Ledger, Accounts Payable & Receivable (Creditors & De...

  • Wesley Mission
    • Brisbane, Australia
    • Electronics Technician
      • 1973 - 1975
      • Brisbane, Australia

      Maintaining local area sound & telephone systems

  • University of Queensland
    • Brisbane, Australia
    • Psychology Research Assistant & Data Entry Operator
      • 1970 - 1971
      • Brisbane, Australia

      Data entry associated with field research questionaries using field programmable IBM Holerith 80 Column Paper Card Punches for processing by a Dual Processor PDP10 (DECSystem 1055) running TOPS10

Education

  • 2017 - 2027
    University of Sydney
  • 2016 - 2016
    UNSW Australia
  • 2011 - 2016
    University of Technology, Sydney
  • 2015 - 2015
    Intersect Australia
  • 2011 - 2011
    CSIRO
  • 2011 - 2011
    UNSW
  • 2007 - 2008
    The Australian National University
  • 2002 - 2005
    UNSW
  • 1996 - 1996
    NIDA
  • 1992 - 1994
    University of Technology, Sydney
  • 1986 - 1986
    University of Technology, Sydney
  • 1980 - 1983
    UNSW
  • 1979 - 1979
    University of Sydney
  • 1973 - 1978
    The University of Queensland
  • 1967 - 1972
    CEGS, Brisbane AU

Suggested Services

This profile is unclaimed. These are suggested service rates with 0% commision upon successful connection

Industry Focus. Add an industry

Looking to Create a Custom Project?

Need a custom project? We'll create a solution designed specifically for your project.

Get Started

References

Social Profiles

Community

You need to have a working account to view this content. Click here to join now

Similar Profiles